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Augustów roundup
The Augustów roundup (Polish ''Obława augustowska'') was a military operation against the Polish World War II anti-communist partisans and sympathizers following the Soviet takeover of Poland. The operation was undertaken by Soviet forces with the assistance of Polish communist units, and conducted from July 10 to July 25, 1945 in Suwałki and Augustów region (Podlasie) of northern People's Republic of Poland.
Out of 2,000 arrested by the Soviet forces, about 600 have disappeared.〔〔 They are presumed to have been executed and buried in an unknown location in present-day Russia.〔 Polish Institute of National Remembrance has declared the 1945 Augustów roundup "the largest crime committed by the Soviets on Polish lands after World War II".〔 (Konferencja IPN "60. rocznica obławy augustowskiej." (IPN Conference: 60th Anniversary of the Augustów roundup) ) Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, 20 July 2005〕 The crime has been called "second Katyn", "small Katyn", "little Katyn" or "Podlaski Katyn", in reference to the Katyn massacre, the Soviet execution of about 20,000 Polish soldiers, policemen and intellectuals that occurred in the 1940.〔〔
==Background==
(詳細はGerman-Soviet invasion of Poland, the Polish government evacuated to the West and created the Polish Underground State. While no war was declared between Poland and the Soviet Union, the relations were tense, and eventually broke down in 1943 in the aftermath of the revelations of the Katyn massacre. The Soviets eventually created their own Polish communist puppet government, the Polish Committee of National Liberation (''Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego'', ''PKWN'') and refused to deal with the Underground State just like they refused to deal with the government-in-exile; its leaders and soldiers on "liberated" Polish territories were persecuted.〔Rzeczpospolita, 02.10.04 Nr 232, ''(Wielkie polowanie: Prześladowania akowców w Polsce Ludowej )'' (Great hunt: the persecutions of AK soldiers in the People's Republic of Poland). Retrieved June 7, 2006.〕 While the Underground State's military arm, ''Armia Krajowa'', officially disbanded on January 19, 1945 to avoid armed conflict with the Soviets and a civil war, some refused to lay down their arms; others found it simply difficult to return to civilian life, as those with ties to non-communist resistance were discriminated against by the authorities.〔〔 pp. 250〕〔Bohdan Kwiatkowski, Sabotaż i dywersja, Bellona, London 1949, vol.1, p.21; as cited by Marek Ney-Krwawicz, (The Polish Underground State and The Home Army (1939-45) ). Translated from Polish by Antoni Bohdanowicz. Article on the pages of the London Branch of the Polish Home Army Ex-Servicemen Association. Retrieved March 14, 2008.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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